If you've read VR for awhile, you know that I am very favorable towards the idea of passenger rail. Having had good experiences in several places with rail, I think it could be a positive solution for Indianapolis' growing transportation needs. I find it very attractive particularly when compared to new highway construction.
However, I stumbled across this interesting article from the Heartland Institute. Could increased passenger rail actually make traffic congestion worse?
In a study forthcoming from The Heartland Institute, I find there is no case in which an expansion of passenger train service has resulted in a material or sustainable reduction in traffic congestion. This is because passenger trains reduce the competitiveness of freight trains, resulting in the diversion of cargo from trains to trucks, thus increasing traffic congestion.
Reducing traffic congestion should be an economic priority. A strong body of research shows traffic congestion reduces economic growth, increases product prices, and increases poverty by making it more difficult for lower-income workers to get to and from work in urban areas.
OK. This seems counter-intuitive, but his arguments seem sound.
Freight Trains Cut Traffic
There is no doubt that greater use of freight trains--not passenger trains--could reduce traffic congestion.
America's trains have never carried more freight than they do today. Trains continue to carry more freight than the nation's large and growing truck fleet, measured in ton miles.
Moreover, during the past 35 years freight trains have nearly maintained their market share despite the expansion of the interstate highway system, which has facilitated truck commerce.
The situation is the opposite in passenger train-intensive Japan and Western Europe. Freight trains have lost 60 percent of their market in Western Europe and 80 percent in Japan. Freight train volumes have fallen in actual ton miles. It is not unusual for there to be virtual parades of trucks along the freeways of Western Europe as a result.
Passenger Declines Help Freight
A big reason for U.S. freight rail's success has been the decline of passenger train ridership.
Passenger trains often receive priority on the tracks they use. Many rail lines are single track, which means passing can occur only at sidings, where one train stops and waits for the other to approach and pass. Even where there is double tracking, passing can occur only where there are crossover connections between the two tracks.
The priority given to passenger trains means delays for freight trains as they make way for passenger trains.
But between 1950 and the establishment of Amtrak in the early 1970s, passenger train volumes declined more than 90 percent. As a result, freight train operating speeds were able to increase, and freight operations became more reliable and competitive.